How many states of matter are generally recognized?

The generally recognized states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. These three states represent the most common forms that matter can take under varying conditions of temperature and pressure. In solids, particles are closely packed together in a fixed structure, giving them a definite shape and volume. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, as the particles are less tightly packed and can move around each other. Gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume; the particles are far apart and move freely, filling the available space.

While there are additional states of matter, such as plasma (found in stars) and Bose-Einstein condensates (created in laboratory conditions), the question focuses on the three foundational states. By establishing these three primary states, the understanding of matter provides a solid foundation for studying more complex or exotic states encountered in advanced physics or specific scientific applications.