What must firefighters assess prior to entering a burning structure?

Prior to entering a burning structure, firefighters must assess potential backdraft conditions. A backdraft is a sudden explosion that can occur when oxygen is reintroduced to an environment that has combustible materials that are smoldering due to a lack of oxygen. Recognizing signs of potential backdraft—such as smoke that is darkening and starting to push out windows, high heat conditions, or a lack of flames—enables firefighters to determine if entering the structure is safe and to take appropriate precautions to avoid a dangerous situation.

While assessing heat levels, locating victims, and identifying the active fire location are all critical components of firefighting operations, they serve more as tactical considerations during an operation. Backdraft awareness is particularly crucial because it directly relates to life safety and the prevention of sudden escalations in fire behavior that can jeopardize the health and safety of firefighters and victims alike. Understanding the dynamics of fire behavior and specifically looking out for backdraft conditions is vital for the safety of all personnel involved.