Which structural component is composed of relatively small and lightweight components arranged in a series of triangles?

The correct choice is based on the definition and structure of engineered components used in construction. A truss is a structural framework that consists of small components arranged in a system of triangles. This triangular arrangement is key because it provides maximum strength while minimizing the amount of materials required, which leads to a lightweight structure.

The design of trusses allows them to efficiently distribute weight and handle loads across a wide span, making them a popular choice in roof structures and various types of bridges. The use of triangles is significant; triangles are inherently strong shapes that help prevent deformation under loads, which is crucial in construction as it enhances stability and safety.

In contrast, a strut primarily serves as a brace that supports structural elements and is typically used in compression. A lintel is a horizontal support over an opening, such as a door or window, usually made of a single solid beam. Purlins are horizontal members used to support the roof deck or sheathing between the rafters or trusses. Each of these components serves distinct functions in structural integrity, but they do not utilize the triangular configuration that is characteristic of trusses.